Public vs. Private Universities
Learn about the differences between public and private colleges.
If you are undecided about your college major, learn which institutions you should apply to!
Are you a college athlete wondering which schools to apply to? Look no further!
Which to choose: Public or Private universities
How to Differentiate Between Public and Private Institutions?
There are different types of colleges and universities across the country that all have a similar goal: providing you with high quality education and preparing you for a successful career. While researching for potential colleges and universities, you might have noticed the different types of institutions and questioned how they differ from one another, and which is the right choice for me.
Private and public institutions differ in size, cost and program availability. These factors are important when you are applying to schools, and will determine which campus environment is more conducive for your learning and growth as a student. There are various advantages and disadvantages for both schools, and it is up to you to decide what features you want when applying for, and getting accepted to various schools.
What are Public and Private Colleges?
The primary difference between public and private institutions in the United States is how much funding they receive and where their funding comes from. Public colleges receive funding from the federal or state government and are considered a more affordable option for students.
Private colleges and universities are funded by alumni donations, tuition fees, and endowments for academic programs. There are private for-profit and non-profit institutions. For-profit universities are operated by corporations and businesses, which are focused on making a profit and potentially financing non-educational purposes. Non-profit private colleges are focused on providing students with a high-quality education and are often recognized as being of higher educational quality than for-profit universities.
Differences Between Private and Public Colleges
Cost of Education/Financial Aid
A significant difference between public and private schools is the cost of education for these institutions. Since public universities are funded by the government, the tuition for these schools are typically lower, especially for in-state students. Government funding covers a portion of the fees, allowing students to avoid paying the full cost. Public universities tend to have a large population of local students that take advantage of the affordability of public in-state schools. Some public universities have caps on the number of out-of-state students who are accepted, so it is important to look into the state laws before you apply.
Private universities usually have a higher cost of attendance than public ones, which can discourage students from applying. However, private schools also often have larger endowments, meaning they may be able to offer more financial aid and opportunities than a public university, especially for an out-of-state student.
Attending a private institution may be expensive, but it is not impossible to pay for. Many private colleges and universities offer large amounts of scholarship money and grants that will help students pay for their education. In addition, a majority of students take out federal or private loans to contribute to the cost of tuition and expenses for these private institutions.
When receiving and accepting financial aid from private and public colleges, you should know that two applications used to determine financial and institutional aid. Both public and private universities use the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), administered by the U.S Department of Education, to show the financial aid that prospective students will receive. This aid is given in the form of grants, scholarships, work-study and loans. If you are applying to private institutions, you might use the CSS Financial Profile in conjunction with FAFSA to determine institution aid. Check your schools website to see if you need to fill out the CSS Financial Profile, since it is only used by 200+ participating colleges, universities, and scholarship programs. For more information, on financial aid and comparing financial aid award letters, check out our blogs!
Program Offered
Since public colleges and universities have a larger population of students, there are more programs and majors that are offered compared to private universities. The large student body and public funding can allow these universities to create a long list of majors, minors, and specific programs which cater to the diverse and large population. If you are undecided about your major or want to do a very specific program, you should consider applying to public institutions due to the wide array of degree programs.
Population Size and Diversity
Size is another factor that differentiates public and private colleges. Some schools have a large or small student body population based on the school type. Public universities tend to have large populations of students that exceed 10,000 and what accompanies that are large class sizes. With large campuses and student population, do not be surprised to see lecture halls with hundreds of students. This means that many students cannot easily access professors to get one-on-one meetings or additional support in their classes. According to CollegeSimply, public schools with the largest population include: Arizona State University (80,065), University of Central Florida (68,346), Ohio State University (60,540) and Penn State (50,028).
For many in-state public universities, there is a large influx of local students. While private colleges have smaller student populations that allows students to have better relationships with their professors to eventually secure that letter of recommendation. Private universities often have population sizes that do not exceed 5,000 students and have students from different parts of the country. Example: Haverford College (private institution in Pennsylvania) has a student body size of approximately 1,300. If you function best in small, intimate environments, then private colleges would be the best option for you.
Sports/Extracurricular Activities
Due to the larger student population, public and state universities will usually provide a broader array of extracurricular activities–student clubs, sports, religious or theater groups–than private colleges. In addition, public institutions have larger athletic departments and make up the majority of Division I sports schools. Although there are plenty of Division I private colleges, such as Duke, Villanova University, and the Ivy League colleges, they still may not have the same atmosphere or culture as large public universities.
Prestige
All colleges are equally important because they allow students to achieve higher education. However, there are some public and private colleges that are recognized worldwide based on the name and the prestige that accompany it. Many of the Ivy League institutions are seen as some of the most prestigious schools in the United States because of their long history of maintaining a high standard for education as well as their highly selective admissions process. However, in more recent years, the “Ivy Plus” universities, including private schools like Stanford as well as public schools like UC Berkeley, have begun to hold the same prestige. Additionally, “Public Ivies” like the University of Michigan or UCLA are often just as rigorous and selective as many top private colleges. Many public colleges and universities rival or even exceed some of the most “prestigious” private universities with their research opportunities, academic excellence and high graduation and employment rates.
Public or Private: How to Decide Which School is Right for You
Deciding which type of college you will attend is solely up to you! The school you choose must be right for you and match the preferences and expectations you have as an incoming college freshman. Although different factors like size, cost, program availability and the campus environment differentiate private and public colleges, it is up to you to access what you want in a school and decide which is the best option for you.
